This video explores why most large-scale projects, from infrastructure to iconic buildings, struggle or fail entirely. Based on data from over 16,000 mega-projects, only 0.5% are completed on time, within budget and meet goals. Examples like the Sydney Opera House and California High-Speed Rail highlight common pitfalls such as poor planning and rising costs. The video also features successful examples like the Empire State Building, emphasizing the importance of smart leadership, modular planning, and effective management for success.